Slides for Biol &160

Here are the slides you need to get started in Biol&160 at Bellevue College.

I copied the study guide for quiz 1 below.

Review for Quiz 1 Fall 2014

The study guide is a guide. It cannot include every piece of information that you need to know. Focus on the most important aspects, connect ideas and concepts. Use the review questions found at the end of the chapters in your textbook.

Topics not covered in class are not included in the quiz. Refer to your notes and slides.

Chapter 1:

History of Microbiology is briefly reviewed in your textbook in the introduction to the chapter and section 1.1. I summarized the key points below. Use your slides because this section is poorly organized in the textbook.

History of Microbiology

Here are the contributions which form the basis of modern microbiology. They came from the persistence and ingenuity of these individuals. And yes, they were not “nice” people (van Leeuwenhoek never wrote down his secret to produce excellent lenses to avoid competition, Koch and Pasteur took credit for the research of their junior colleagues), but they made it possible to limit the impact of infectious diseases on humanity. Jenner tested his vaccine on a young child whose parents worked for him. So much for informed consent! The list below is by no means complete, but it is sufficient.

Anton von Leeuwenhoek was the first to view microorganisms (protists and bacteria). He did not invent the microscope.

Edward Jenner developed vaccination, inoculating individuals with cowpox.

By using the postulates he formulated, Robert Koch linked a specific organism to a specific disease; developed culture on solid media, produced differential stains

Ignaz Semmelweis determined what caused childbirth fever and introduced hand washing as a rule.

Louis Pasteur proposed the germ theory of infectious diseases, disproved spontaneous generation, developed pasteurization method.

Joseph Lister developed the practice of antisepsis, chemical containment of microorganisms on external living surfaces

Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and lysozymes.

Sections 1.2-1.4

Understand that organisms, non-living and living are classified in 3 domains: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

Review the major characteristics of classes of pathogens. Be able to recognize the type of microbe (e.g. bacterium, protist,, etc) if given a description. Example: contains nucleic acid and a protein coat, does not have its own metabolismàit is a virus.

Non-living: Prions; Viruses

Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotes: Protists; Fungi; Helminths

Know the proper way to write the genus and species of an organism: for example: Escherichia coli

Concepts

Understand the concepts mentioned below. Review them in your textbook.

Cell theory

The cell is the fundamental unit of life

All organisms are made of cells

A cell comes from another cell; there is no spontaneous generation (see below)

Spontaneous generation= Abiogenesis

Four postulates of Koch: what are they? What is their application in medicine?

Chemistry

Chapter 2

Review the entire chapter. It is a review of Chem 121 and Bio 211.

Chemical bonds:

Covalent bonds: nonpolar covalent bond, polar covalent bond

Ions: cation and anion

Ionic bonds

Hydrogen bonds

Nonpolar interactions 

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of a compound

1.        Describe the pH scale and how to determine if a substance is acidic or alkaline.

2.       Water: characteristics

3.       pH acid base

4.       Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

a.       Building blocks or monomers

b.       What are their structures and functions?

c.        Levels of Protein structure and denaturation (see enzymes)

d.       DNA and RNA: structure and basic function.

Sample questions

1.       The development of vaccines is attributed to

A.    Pasteur

B.    Jenner

C.    Koch

D.    Lister

2.       Water is an essential component of life because:

A.      It is an excellent solvent

B.       It has high heat capacity

C.      It is found in liquid form in the majority of environments

D.      All of the above are correct.

3.       All of the following are true with regard to bacteria EXCEPT?

A.      They can break down many materials that no other living organisms can degrade.

B.      They can be used to produce useful products that are of commercial value.

C.      The majority of bacteria are pathogenic and will cause disease if humans are exposed to them.

D.      Some can be genetically engineered to make medically important products such as insulin and growth hormone.

E.      They can break down many materials that no other living organisms can degrade.

4. _____________ are infectious proteins that cause spongiform encephalopathies such as

 scrapie and "mad cow disease."

A.      Archaea

B.      Fungi

C.      Prions

D.      Protists

E.      Viruses

2.       Which of the following solutions has the highest concentration of hydrogen ions [H^+]? I will let you decide

A.      Urine at pH 6.5

B.      Urine at pH 6.8

Essay/Fill the blanks

1.      Describe at least four practical applications of microbiology to everyday life.

2.      What types of chemical bonds would you expect in the tertiary structure of a polypeptide?

See both the textbook and the slides

I will let you answer these questions on your own. Use your textbook and the slides.

3.      DNA contains the following nitrogenous bases: ___________; cytosine; ___________; and ______________.

4.      If radioactive nitrogen is added to the growth medium of a bacterial culture, which of the four major groups of macromolecules would most likely be labeled with radioactivity?